China asserts that Xizang (Tibet) has been a part of its domain since ancient times. However, Tibetans have been fighting for full autonomy, particularly since a failed uprising against Chinese rule in 1959. The current Dalai Lama, the 14th in Tibetan history, has since led a government-in-exile, which China does not recognize.
Parts of Tibet Under Dispute
The Dalai Lama seeks autonomy for the Tibet Autonomous Region and four other provinces: Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan, rather than full political independence.
The Resolve Tibet Act: Objectives and US Interests
The Resolve Tibet Act is a bipartisan bill aiming to:
- Enhance US support for Tibet.
- Promote dialogue between the People’s Republic of China and the Dalai Lama without preconditions.
- Increase funding to NGOs in Tibet for economic development, cultural preservation, and education.
- Actively counter Chinese disinformation regarding Tibet.
China’s Reaction
China maintains that it will only engage with the Dalai Lama’s representatives, not the Tibetan government-in-exile. In April 2024, Chinese officials condemned the bill and warned of measures to protect their sovereignty if the US signs it into law.
US Motivation
The US has historically used the Tibet issue to influence its relationship with China, similar to its approach with Taiwan. The consistent US policy recognizes Tibet as part of China but seeks to preserve its unique cultural and religious traditions.
India’s Position
India recognized the Tibet Autonomous Region as part of China under the 1954 Panchsheel Agreement, which lapsed in 1962. While India continues to support Tibetan exiles, including the Dalai Lama, it maintains a nuanced stance similar to China’s position on Kashmir. In April 2024, tensions arose when China renamed locations in Arunachal Pradesh, prompting India to rename places in Tibet.
Legislative Support and Statements
Support from US Congress Members
- Rep. Jim McGovern (D-MA): Highlighted the US’s stance for human dignity and the Tibetan quest for basic rights, condemning China’s systematic denial of self-determination to Tibetans.
- Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX): Advocated for Tibetans’ religious freedom and peaceful dialogue without Chinese impositions.
- Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR): Stressed the need for negotiations and combating Chinese misinformation about Tibet.
- Sen. Todd Young (R-IN): Emphasized refreshing US policy towards Tibet and advancing negotiations for freedom and peace.
Statements from Tibetan Leaders
- Namgyal Choedup: Asserted that China’s oppression won’t resolve the dispute and called for a negotiated solution based on truth.
- Tencho Gyatso (ICT President): Expressed hope for Tibetans and gratitude for US congressional support, advocating non-violent resistance.
Provisions of the Resolve Tibet Act
- Empowers the Special Coordinator for Tibet to counter Chinese disinformation.
- Rejects China’s claims of ancient sovereignty over Tibet.
- Promotes dialogue without preconditions for a negotiated agreement.
- Coordinates multilateral efforts for a peaceful resolution.
Next Steps
The bill, having passed both the House and Senate with overwhelming support, awaits President Biden’s signature to become law. This will enhance US efforts to facilitate dialogue and counter Chinese narratives on Tibet, signaling continued American resolve in supporting Tibet’s cultural and human rights.
